Menurut negara Umur boleh kahwin

Berikut merupakan senarai tidak lengkap mengenai usia boleh berkahwin dalam pelbagai negara. Senarai ni merujuk kepada senarai kini (2010) dan tidak mengambil kira topik dalam sejarah.

Afrika

  • Algeria: 21 bagi lelaki dan 18 bagi wanita, lebih rendah dengan kebenaran mahkamah jika keperluan atau keuntungan diberikan.[1]
  • Egypt: 18 bagi lelaki dan wanita (menurut undang-undang perlindungan kanak-kanak baru).
  • Ethiopia: Secara rasmi 18 bagi kedua-dua lelaki dan wanita. Dalam perlaksanaan, bagaimanapun, kanak-kanak di kawasan luar bandar dikawinkan awal. Ia bukanlah luar biasa bagai gadis semuda 6 tahun dikahwinkan.[petikan diperlukan] Ia juga luar biasa bagi gadia berusia 16 tahun tidak berkahwin.
  • Kenya: 16 bagi perkahwinan menurut undang-undang di bawah Akta Perkahwinan.[2]
  • Libya: 20, lebih rendah dengan kebenaran mahkamah jika keperluan atau keuntungan diberikan dan dengan persetujuan wali.[3]
  • Madagascar: 17 bagi lelaki, 14 bagi wanita.[4]
  • Morocco: 18 (sejak rombak perundangan 2004).[5]
  • Senegal: 20.
  • Somalia: 18; bagi wanita 16 dengan kebenaran penjaga. Kebenaran mahkamah diperlukan jika lebih muda.[6]
  • South Africa: 18.[7] Terdapat pengecualian bagi menghormati undang-undang perkahwinan tradisi, di mana seseorang boleh dikahwinkan semuda 12 bagi wanita dan 14 bagi lelaki.
  • Sudan: Baligh, dengan syarat dibenarkan oleh kedua-dua pihak.[8]
  • Tanzania: 18 bagi lelaki dan 15 for wanita, 14 dengan kebenaran mahkamah jika keadaan khas menjadikan perkahwinan kelihatannya dikehendaki. Penal Code menetapkan orang "keturunan Afrika atau Asia" mungkin berkahwin atau membenarkan perkahwinan bagi gadis di bawah 12 menurut adat atau ugama jika perkahwinan tidak bertujuan disempurnakan sebelum gadis mencecah 12 tahun.[9]
  • Tunisia: 20 bagi lelaki dan 17 for wanita, atau lebih rendah dengan kebenaran mahkamah jika keadaan khas dan kependiangan kedua pihak.[10]
  • Zimbabwe:The Marriages Act [Chapter 5:11] Dibawah legislatif ini, usia minima lelaki 18 sementara wanita usia minima 16 tahun.[11]

Asia

Papan tanda di bangunan dalam kampung Hubei, China, memberitahu usia boleh kawin negara (22 bagi lelaki, 20 bagi wanita)
  • Afghanistan: 18 bagi lelaki dan 16 bagi wanita, more than half of marriages involve females under 16.[12]
  • Azerbaijan: 18 bagi lelaki, 17 bagi wanita. 17 or 16 correspondingly in special cases.[13]
  • Bangladesh: 21 bagi lelaki dan 18 bagi wanita, takwim lunar; kebenaran ahli panel bagi perkahwinan bawah usia, sungguhpun penyatuan sedemikian tidak diangap tidak sah.[14]
  • Brunei: Tiada usia minima ditetapkan.[15]
  • China, People's Republic of: 22 bagi lelaki, 20 bagi wanita.[16]
  • China, Republic of (on Taiwan): 20 sebagai usia majoriti[17] umumnya. 18 bagi lelaki, 16 bagi wanita dengan kebenaran keluarga.[18]
  • Hong Kong: 21, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga.[19]
  • India: 21 bagi lelaki dan 18 bagi wanita[20]. Sekiranya sebarang pasangan terbabit dalam perkahwinan usia lebih rendah, dia boleh memohon perkahwinan tersebut diistiharkan sebagai batal / bubar. Cadangan terkini oleh Komisien Perundangan ("Law Commission") bertujuan mengimbangi perkahwinan bagi lelaki dan wanita kepada 18[21], secara automatik mengistihar perkahwinan di bawah 16 sebagai "batal dan bubar", sementara perkahwinan pada usia 16 atau 17 "boleh dibatalkan"[21]
  • Indonesia: 21, 19 bagi lelaki dan 16 bagi wanita dengan kebenaran keluarga. (Undang-undang Awam Indonesia)
  • Iran: 18 bagi lelaki, 16 bagi wanita
  • Iraq: 18, 15 dengan kebenaran hakim sekiranya sesuai, keupayaan fizikal dan kebenaran penjaga (atau bantahan tidak beralasan oleh penjaga) ditetapkan. (Mungkin atau tidak diubah selepas kejatuhan Saddam Hussein.)[22]
  • Israel: 18 bagi lelaki dan 17 bagi wanita.
  • Palestinian National Authority: 18, 18 dengan kebenaran mahkamah
  • Japan: 20, 18 bagi lelaki dan 16 bagi wanita dengan kebenaran keluarga.[23]
  • Jordan: 16 bagi lelaki dan 15 bagi wanita, takwim lunar; dengan kebenaran mahkamah bagi wanita di bawah 18 untuk berkahwin lelaki berusia melebihi 20 tahun.[24]
  • Kazakhstan: 18, dalam kes khusus 16 tahun dengan kebenaran keluarga.[25]
  • Kuwait: Tiada usia minima ditetapkan; keupayaan berkahwin memerlukan kedua pihak mencapai usia baligh dan berakal, bagaimanapun, tiada pengesahan atau pendaftaran perkahwinan dibenarkan di mana wanita belum 15 tahun atau lelaki 17 tahun.[26]
  • Kyrgyzstan: 18[27]
  • Lebanon: 18 for males and 17 for females; scope for judicial discretion on basis of physical maturity and wali's permission from 17 for males and 9 for females; real puberty or 15/9 with judicial permission for Shi'a; 18/17 or 16/15 with judicial permission for Druze.[28]
  • Malaysia: 21, 18 dengan izin ibu bapa, 16 bagi wanita Muslim atau dengan izin Ketua Menteri.[29] Lebih muda jika diizinkan Mahkamah Syariah.[30]
  • Maldives: According to custom, the minimum age for marriage is 15; the Law on the Protection of the Rights of the Child discourages marriage before the age of 16[31]
  • Pakistan: 18 for males, 16 for females[32].
  • Mongolia : 18 age for both male and female without parental consent.
  • Philippines: 18 for both male and female in general population. If any spouse is 18–20 years and the consent of "parental" authority is not met, marriage may be prevented or annulled by any party that demands it.[33] On the other hand, Muslim marriages in the Philippines is based on the Shari'a: 15 yrs for males and as for females, the onset of puberty to age 15, whichever comes first. *Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines Additionally, for indigenous Philippine tribes, the age is set according to the respective tribe's laws.
  • Saudi Arabia: None currently, legislation for age 18 is being considered.[34]
  • Singapore: 21, 18 dengan kebenaran keluarga, bawah 18 dengan lesen perkahwinan khas.
  • South Korea: 20, 18 dengan kebenaran keluarga.
  • Sri Lanka: The legal age for marriage in Sri Lanka is 18, for both males and females. However, Muslims can be excluded from this regulation because the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act of 1951 states that a girl must be 12 years of age or have a Quazi's permission to marry before contracting into marriage. This is applicable only for Muslims in Sri Lanka.[35]
  • Syria: 18 bagi lelaki dan 17 bagi wanita; kebenaran mahkamah bagi lelaki15 dan wanita 13; hakim boleh menahan kebenaran berkahwin sekiranya mahkamah mendapati ketidak serasian antara pihak bertunang.[36]
  • Thailand: 20, 17 dengan kebenaran keluarga, 15 dalam keadaan khas dengan kebenaran mahkamah.
  • Uzbekistan 18 bagi lelaki, 17 bagi wanita. 17 dan 16 menurut dalam keadaan khas.[37]
  • Vietnam: 20 bagi lelaki, 18 bagi wanita.
  • Yemen: Tiada had dikhususkan [38]

Europe

  • Albania: 18
  • Armenia: 18 bagi lelaki dan 17 bagi wanita.[39]
  • Austria: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran mahkamah (pasangan mesti berusia 18 atau lebih).
  • Belgium: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga..
  • Bulgaria: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga..
  • Croatia: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga..
  • Cyprus: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluaraga dan paderi ("ecclesial"). Tidak dibenarkan lelaki berkahwin dengan wanita 12 tahun lebih muda atau 6 tahun lebih tua.
  • Czech republic: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran mahkamah.
  • Denmark: 18, 16 dengan surat kelulusan kahs dari ratu dan kebenaran keluarga.
  • Estonia: 18, 15 dengan kebenaran keluarga atau mahkamah.
  • Finland: 18, under 18 with the consent of the ministry of justice in extraordinary circumstances, in which case parents or other guardian must be heard, but actual parental consent is not required.
  • France: 18
  • Germany: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran mahkamah (partner must be 18 or older).
  • Greece: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga atau mahkamah.
  • Hungary: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga..
  • Iceland: 18, Menteri Keadilan boleh membenarkan perkahwinan orang yang lebih muda.
  • Ireland: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga., bawah 16 dengan kedua-dua kebenaran ibubapa dan Mahkamah tinggi.
  • Italy: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran mahkamah.
  • Latvia: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga atau mahkamah.
  • Lithuania: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran mahkamah.
  • Netherlands: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga.
  • Norway: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran penjaga atau Gobenor Negeri. The County Governor may only give permission when there are 'special reasons for contracting a marriage'.[40][41]
  • Poland: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran mahkamah. (wanita sahaja).
  • Portugal: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga. (jika tidak mungkin, mahkamah boleh memberi kebenaran).
  • Romania: 18 for males, 18 bagi wanita, 16 with permission from the district's administrative board.[42]
  • Russia: 18, 16 dalam keadaan khas; mungkin berbeza menurut region.
  • Serbia: 18. 16 dengan kebenaran mahkamah.
  • Slovakia: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran mahkamah.
  • Slovenia: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga..
  • Spain: 18, 16 dengan kebenaran keluarga..
  • Sweden: 18, lebih muda dengan kebenaran majlis pentadbiran negeri "county". majlis pentadbiran negeri hanya boleh membenarkan apabila terdapat 'sebab khasbut sungguhpun penjaga bawah usia perlu didengar jika mungkin, keizinan tidak diperlukan.
  • Switzerland: 18
  • Turkey: 18, 17 dengan kebenaran keluarga., 16 dengan keizinan mahkamah.

North America

  • Canada: Varies by province, but generally 18 years old, 16 years with parental consent, 14 years with judicial consent.
  • Mexico: 18, 16 with parental or legal consent, 14 for pregnant females with legal consent.
  • Puerto Rico: 21, 18 with parental consent.
  • United States: Usually 17. Most states, however, allow marriage at a younger age with parental and/or judicial consent. Some states allow marriage at a still younger age if the female is pregnant. There are a few states (Nebraska, 19; Mississippi, 21) that have a higher age.
    • Alabama: 18, 16 with parental consent. (statute).
    • Alaska: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Arizona: no statutory minimum, under 18 with parental consent, under 16 with approval of a superior court judge and parental consent. (statute)
    • Arkansas: 18, 16 for females and 17 for males with parental consent.[44]
    • California: no statutory minimum, those under 18 must receive approval of a superior court judge, or parental consent.
    • Colorado: 18, 16 with parental consent, no minimum with judicial approval.[44][45]
    • Connecticut: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • District of Columbia: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Delaware: 18, 16 for females with parental consent, 17 for males with parental consent.[44]
    • Florida: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Georgia: 18, 15 with parental consent, 16 without parental consent if pregnant.[44]
    • Hawaii: 18, 15 with parental consent.[44]
    • Idaho: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Illinois: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Indiana: 18, 17 with parental consent, 15 in the case of pregnancy with both parental and judicial consent.[46]
    • Iowa: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Kansas: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Kentucky: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Louisiana: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Maine: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Massachusetts: 18 for first marriage, 16 with parental and judicial consent [47].
    • Maryland: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Michigan: 18, 16 with parental consent, 15 and under with parental consent and probate judge approval.
    • Minnesota: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Mississippi: 21, 17 for males, 15 for females, with parental consent. (statute)
    • Missouri: 18, 15 with parental consent.[44]
    • Montana: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Nebraska: 19, 17 with parental consent.[44]
    • Nevada: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • New Hampshire: 18, 14 for males and 13 for females, in cases of "special cause" with parental consent and court permission.
    • New Jersey: 18, 16 with parental consent and in the case of pregnancy.
    • New Mexico: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • New York: 18, 16 with parental consent, 14 with parental and judicial consent.[48].
    • North Carolina: 18, 16 with parental consent, unlimited in case of pregnancy or birth of child with parental consent.
    • North Dakota: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Ohio: 18 for males, 16 for females, less with parental consent.
    • Oklahoma: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Oregon: 18, 17 with parental consent. The consenting parent or guardian must accompany the applicant when applying for the marriage license.
    • Pennsylvania: 18, 16 with parental consent, 14 in case of pregnancy and with the approval of a Judge of the Orphans Court.
    • Rhode Island: 18, 16 for females with parental consent.[44]
    • South Carolina: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • South Dakota: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Tennessee: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Texas: 18, 16 with parental consent. 14 with judicial consent or if person under 18 had previously married and divorced.
    • Utah: 18, 16 with parental consent, 15 with court approval.[49]
    • Vermont: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Virginia: 18, 16 with parental consent.[50]
    • Washington: 18, 17 with parental consent.[44] May be waived by superior court judge.(statute)
    • West Virginia: 18, 16 with parental consent, under 16 (unspecified limit) with parental and judicial consent[44][51]
    • Wisconsin: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]
    • Wyoming: 18, 16 with parental consent.[44]

Oceania

  • Australia: 18, 16 with permission from a court and both parents (only granted in exceptional circumstances).[52]
  • New Zealand: 18, 16 with parental consent.[53]

South America

  • Argentina: 18 for both genders without parental consent. Lower with judicial consent only in exceptional cases.[54]
  • Brazil: 18, 16 with consent of both parents, or of the legal tutor, if the minor is under the guardianship of a tutor; if one of the parents has been judicially removed from the discharge of parental authority, only the consent of the other parent is required; if both parents, married or not, are invested with parental authority (as is normally the case), and they disagree over the granting of consent, then any of them may petition a court to decide the matter. The minor can also petition a court to overrule the parents decision to deny consent, but the minor must prove that the refusal of consent is unreasonable. In exceptional circumnstances, the marriage of someone who is under 16 years can also be authorized, but only by a court, and only in cases of pregnancy, or to avoid the imposition of a criminal penalty (e.g. a case in which a couple of teenages over the age of 14 have consensual sex, and the parents, usually of the female, initiate proceedings to have the male prosecuted for the crime of corruption of minors. In Brazil if someone engages in sex with a minor below the age of 14 years, then there is an absolute legal presumption of violence - statutory rape - but if someone engages in consensual sex with a minor between 14 and 18 years, there is a lesser crime - corruption of minors. Someone who is prosecuted for that lesser crime can avoid the penalty if the young couple agree to marry. Often, mainly in rural parts of the country, that marriage will provide enough satisfaction for the parents of the girl and for the local society. Then, for cultural reasons, civil law still allows for that scenario in which one avoids prosecution by agreeing to marry). There is no age limit for the exceptional scenario of a court authorizing a girl who is pregnant to marry.
  • Chile: 18, 16 with parental consent.
  • Colombia: 18, 14 with parental consent.
  • Paraguay: 14 for females and 16 for males. Article 39, clause "b", of the Paraguayan Civil Code reads: “The legal incapacity of minors will cease: ...(b) for gentlemen of 16 and for women of 14 years completed, through marriage, with the limitations established in this Code”.
  • Peru: 18.
  • Venezuela: 18, 14 for females and 16 for males with parental consent.
  • Ecuador: 18 for males and 18 for females


Rujukan

WikiPedia: Umur boleh kahwin http://arlis.am/DocumentView.aspx?DocID=33 http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/1... http://www.chanrobles.com/executiveorderno209.htm http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecreeno1083... http://chartsbin.com/view/1o4 http://chartsbin.com/view/sr6 http://www.hrforumzim.com/monitor/hrm_33.htm http://www.morocco.com/forums/women-morocco-femmes... http://www.mscode.com/free/statutes/93/001/0005.ht... http://www.pavlodar.com/zakon/?dok=00149&uro=08010